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Copyright 1917 
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William Douden, Architect 



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©01.4471)668 

DEC 24 1917 



*7r HE modern idea of "Safety First" enters into the planning 
Vlf of Theatres, Apartments, and Factory Buildings, and the 
law requires ample and safe modes of exit to avoid a panic i/i 
case of fire. 

In the collection of School House plans herein illustrated, this 
point has been given especial study. In view of the fact that 
long corridors with or without stairways at the extreme ends 
become a smoke menace instigating panics, corridors are eliminat- 
ed entirely and the stair hall is made of ample capacity to allow 
movement of the entire school at one time, and provision made to 
prevent smoke accumulating in this stair hall. 

As the ideas incorporated are original, these plans have been 
copyrighted under the caption of "Panic Proof School Buildings." 

These plans complete and figured, with all details and speci- 
fications to meet local requirements, may be secured at the regu- 
lar architect's rate of commissions, with supervision, or under 
the supervision of a local architect if desired. 

WILLIAM DOUDEN, Architect, 

Millersburg, Pa. 



The Panic-proof Grade School Building, illustrated by draw- 
ings numbered 1158, 1, 2, 3 and 4, embody the following special 
features : 

FIRST — The elimination of the usual corridors ordinarily 
consisting of 20 per cent, of the cubical measurements of the 
building, incidentally forming a smoke trap and an additional 
expense in building and maintaining. 

SECOND — The arrangement of the rooms in juxtaposition 
with stair hall to afford the shortest distance to exits. 

THIRD— The Fire and Smoke-proof stair hall built in fire- 
proof construction, with numerous flues built into the walls, hav- 
ing vent openings near the ceiling to expel any smoke that may 
possibly get into this hallway and carry it to a fire-proof loft, 
which is provided with an ample ventilator. This ventilator has 
a damper ordinarily opened sufficiently to provide ventilation, 
and connected to fire alarm system, which when sounded also 
opens damper wide. 

FOURTH — A fire-proof passage on ground floor from stair 
hall to rear of building and the required enclosed fire escapes, 
which provide two outlets to each room. 

•FIFTH — All of these special features make the building 
practically panic-proof, economical of construction and mainte- 
nance. 

SIXTH — Some of the usual features which are desirable and 
applied to these plans, are the separate arrangement of toilets, 
the economical system of heat and ventilation practicable in this 
lay-out. 







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The Panic-proof High School Building, illustrated by draw- 
ings numbered 1159, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, embody the following desir- 
able features: 

FIRST — The elimination of the usual long corridors, ordinar- 
ily comprising 20 per cent, of the cubical contents of the building ; 
20 per cent, of the cost and the same ratio of maintenance, and 
incidentally a serious smoke menace and cause of panics. 

SECOND — The arrangement of the rooms in juxtaposition 
with the stair halls to afford the shortest possible route to the 
exits. 

THIRD — The Fire-proof and Smoke-proof stair halls into 
which the children enter direct from the several school rooms — 
the smoke-proof feature consists of ample and numerous flues 
built into the hall walls, with vents near the ceilings, which ex- 
tend up into a fire-proof chamber above top floor; this chamber 
provided with an ample ventilator, with a damper which ordinar- 
ily is opened sufficiently to ventilate halls, and is connected to the 
fire alarm system, which releases dampers, allowing them to 
open wide immediately upon a fire alarm from any part of the 
building, relieving the main hallways and stairways of any ac- 
cumulation of smoke, which eliminates the cause of panics. 

FOURTH— The arrangement of the Heating System— The 
boilers and machinery centrally located, but entirely outside the 
building, affording the greatest efficiency with a minimum of ac- 
cident risk; the distribution and arrangement of warm air flues 
and ventilation flues, which afford the greatest efficiency through- 
out the building. 

FIFTH — The two main entrances are so arranged that either 
may be used from or to any part of the building, as well as the 
several enclosed fire escapes, which afford additional protection. 

SIXTH — The several class rooms, recitation rooms, etc., are 
all of uniform size, to accommodate 42 pupils, and can be adapted 
to the use best suited, according to the location and pleasure of 
the superintendent. 

The assembly room has its two emergency exits at the front 
of the room; has a 16-foot ceiling with all angles concave and 
corners round, and should afford almost perfect acoustic proper- 
ties. 

SEVENTH — The toilets are arranged with the boy's toilet 
in basement and second story on one side and in first story and 
third story on the other side of the building, and the girl's toilet 
vice versa, so that none need travel more than one story to a 
toilet. Private toilets are provided in superintendent's office and 
ladies' retiring room. 

EIGHTH — The light, fresh air, and general arrangement 
throughout comply minutely with the requirements of the State 
Board of Education. 



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This ten-room Grade School Building illustrated by drawings 
1160, 1, 2, 3 and 4, incorporates the Panic-proof principles de- 
veloped in both the eight-room grade building and the High school 
building. These consist in the entire elimination of corridors, 
which ordinarily occupy 20 per cent, or more of the cubical con- 
tents of a building and incidentally 20 per cent, of the cost of 
construction and of maintenance. All this is saved in this Panic 
Proof lay-out. In addition to the facilities provided for emptying 
each school room in the shortest space of time direct into the 
smoke-proof stair hall; the walls around this hall are built with 
numerous flues and these flues tapped with registers at the ceil- 
ings, which carries any smoke that may possibly get into the stair 
hall off into a loft above the second floor. This loft is provided 
with a ventilator having a damper — the damper is connected with 
the fire alarm so that in case of fire the damper is opened by sound- 
ing the fire alarm. This gives a perfectly safe exit entirely free 
of smoke for dismissal of the children in case of fire ; as smoke is 
considered the greatest menace ; by eliminating the long corridors 
in which ordinarily smoke accumulates, we eliminate the greater 
part of the possibility of a panic. 

In addition to these special features, we have a convenient 
lay-out, with two exits from each room, and conforming in all 
particulars with the requirements of the State Board of Educa- 
tion. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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